신축양도를 주택신축판매업(건설업)으로 보아 부가가치세를 과세한 처분의 당부(기각)

1. 원처분 개요청구인은 88.6.15(보존등기일) 서울 강서구 OO동 OOOOO 소재 대지 173.5㎡ 위에 단독주택 246.21㎡ (이하“쟁점주택①”이라 한다)를 신축하여 88.8.20 양도하고, 88.11.25(보존등기일) 쟁점주택①과 같은동 OOOOO 소재 대지 165.1㎡ 위에 단독주택 242.28㎡(이하“쟁점주택②”라 한다)를 신축하여 88.12.14 양도하였다.처분청은 청구인이 쟁점주택①, ②를 신축하여 양도한 행위는 주택신축판매업(건설업)에 해당된다고 보아 93.7.16 88년 제2기분 부가가치세 16,908,380원을 경정 고지하였다.청구인은 이에 불복하여 93.8.20 심사청구를 거쳐 93.10.29 심판청구를 하였다.

2. 청구주장 및 국세청장 의견가. 청구인 주장청구인은 무주택자로서 주거이전을 O적으로 쟁점주택①을 신축하였다가 자금사정으로 양도하고, 주거이전을 O적으로 다시 쟁점주택②를 신축하였으나 자금사정이 더 악화되어 양도하게된 것이며,쟁점주택①, ②를 신축·양도하기 전에는 다른주택을 신축·양도한 사실이 없음에도 쟁점주택①, ②의 신축·양도 후인 89년과 90년의 주택 신축·양도 상황까지를 포함하여 계속적이고 반복적인지 여부를 판단하고 쟁점주택①, ②의 신축·양도를 주택신축판매업으로 보아 이건 부가가치세를 과세한 처분은 부당하다는 주장이다.

나. 국세청장 의견청구인은 쟁점주택①, ②를 신축하여 거주하지 않고 양도하였고, 88년-90년 사이에 주택을 4회 신축하여 3회 양도하는 등 거주O적 없이 계속적 반복적으로 주택을 신축·판매한 사실에 비추어 사업성이 있으므로 쟁점주택①, ②의 양도행위를 건설업으로 보아 이건 부가가치세를 과세한 처분은 정당하다는 의견이다.

3. 심리 및 판단가. 쟁점쟁점주택①, ②의 신축·양도를 주택신축판매업(건설업)으로 보아 이 건 부가가치세를 과세한 처분의 당부를 가리는데 있다.

나. 이 건 관련법령 및 사실관계를 본다.소득세법시행령 제33조제2항에서 “주택을 신축하여 판매하는 사업은 건설업으로 본다. 이 경우에 그 주택에는 이에 부수되는 토지로서 건물이 정착된 면적에 제15조 제9항의 규정에 의한 배율을 곱하여 산정한 면적 이내의 토지를 포함하는 것으로 한다”고 규정하고 있다.일반적으로 주택신축양도에 대한 사업성여부의 판단은 그 거래의 O적이나 거래의 횟수(계속, 반복성) 규모 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 사회통념에 따라 판단하게 되는 바(같은취지: 국심 90중95, 90.3.27), 청구인이 주택을 신축·양도한 사실관계를 보면 다음과 같다.- 다 음 -<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td height="46" valign="middle" width="198"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 소 재 지 </span> </p> </td> <td height="46" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 대지 </span> </p> </td> <td height="46" valign="middle" width="80"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 주택 </span> </p> </td> <td height="46" valign="middle" width="103"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 대지취득일 </span> </p> </td> <td height="46" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 신축일 </span> </p> </td> <td height="46" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 양도일 </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="90" valign="middle" width="198"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 서울 강서구 </span> </p> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> OO동 OOOOO </span> </p> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> (쟁점부동산①) </span> </p> </td> <td height="90" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 173.5㎡ </span> </p> </td> <td height="90" valign="middle" width="80"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 246.21 </span> </p> </td> <td height="90" valign="middle" width="103"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 88.1.8 </span> </p> </td> <td height="90" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 88. 6.15 </span> </p> </td> <td height="90" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 88. 8.20 </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="82" valign="middle" width="198"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 서울 강서구 </span> </p> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> OO동 OOOOO </span> </p> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> (쟁점부동산②) </span> </p> </td> <td height="82" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 165.1 </span> </p> </td> <td height="82" valign="middle" width="80"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 242.28 </span> </p> </td> <td height="82" valign="middle" width="103"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 88.7.22 </span> </p> </td> <td height="82" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 88.11.25 </span> </p> </td> <td height="82" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 88.12.14 </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="198"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 서울 강서구 </span> </p> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> OO동 OOOOO </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 164.4 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="80"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 235.53 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="103"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 88.9.15 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 89. 4.18 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 89. 5. 6 </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="198"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 서울 강서구 </span> </p> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> OO동 OOOOO </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 177.4 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="80"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 249.84 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="103"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 89.5.6 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 89. 7.29 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 90. 5.14 </span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="198"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 서울 강서구 </span> </p> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> O동 OOOOO </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 208 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="80"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 245.61 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="103"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 90.5.10 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 90. 9.10 </span> </p> </td> <td height="73" valign="middle" width="92"> <p class='style-name:"바탕글"; margin-left:0.0pt; margin-right:0.0pt; margin-top:0.0pt; margin-bottom:0.0pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:0.0pt; line-height:160%; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:새굴림; letter-spacing:0.0pt; font-weight:"normal"; font-style:"normal"; color:#000000;'> <span> 보 유 </span> </p> </td> </tr></table>쟁점주택①, ②의 신축·양도 행위가 계속적·반복적이고 사업성이 있는지 여부는 쟁점주택①, ②의 신축·양도시기를 전후한 청구인의 부동산 거래상황을 고려하여 판단하여야 할 것인 바,청구인은 88년부터 90년 사이에 주택을 5회 신축하여 4회 양도하였고, 신축한 주택을 양도하기 전에 다음 주택을 신축하기 위한 대지(나대지 또는 주택이 있는 대지)를 취득한 것으로 보아 계속성과 반복성이 있다 할 것이다.그러므로 쟁점주택①, ②를 신축하여 거주하지도 않고 양도한 행위는 단순히 거주할 O적으로 주택을 신축하였다가 양도한 것으로는 보이지 아니하고 영리O적을 가지고 계속적·반복적으로 주택을 신축판매한 것으로 보인다.따라서 처분청이 쟁점주택①, ②의 신축·양도를 건설업(주택신축판매업)에 해당하는 것으로 보아 이 건 부가가치세를 과세한 처분은 정당한 것으로 판단된다.

다. 이 건 심판청구는 청구주장이 이유없으므로국세기본법 제81조및 제65조 제1항 제2호의 규정에 의하여 주문과 같이 결정한다.

「소득세법시행령」 제33조 【건설업의 범위】